A

[basskiller]

abduction, abductor

Abduction is movement away from the central axis of the body, an abductor is a muscle whose
contraction results in this movement

compare adduction

Abs, abdominals

The muscles in the front of the stomach, giving the

"six pack" look in people with sufficiently low
bodyfat. Their function is to draw the base of the ribcage and the hips towards each other, as occurs
when performing crunches . Note that conventional sit-ups are performed largely by the iliopsoas muscles

acetaminophen

a common

over the counter analgesic (pain reliever) that is not a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, sold under the brand name Tylenol®, and many others.

It may be used when a pain killer is desired which will not inhibit clotting or produce gastric upset,
though it will not provide any anti-inflammatory effects, nor may it be substituted for aspirin in the

ECA stack.

achilles tendon

the

tendon connecting the lower end of the calf muscle to the back of the heel

adduction, adductor

Abduction is movement away from the central axis of the body, an abductor is a muscle whose
contraction results in this movement.

compare abduction

adductors, thigh

several muscles located in the upper part of the inner thigh whose function is to pull the legs towards
the midline.

adenosine triphospate, ATP

the molecular "currency" that provides energy within cells for everything from protein synthesis to
muscle contraction

adipose tissue

fat (bodyfat)

adrenoceptor

receptor that responds to hormones (such as epinephrine (adrenaline)) produced by the adrenal gland

aerobic

requiring oxygen when describing exercise, it refers to extended sustained levels of exertion during which metabolic processes that provide energy are dominated by the complete oxidation of nutrients

compare anaerobic

agonist

a chemical agent that stimulates, activates, accelerates, or enhances a process in the body

compare antagonist

amino acids

basic building blocks of

protein

branched chain amino acids

essential amino acids

anabolic, anabolism

tending to build or repair tissue, muscle tissue in particular

compare catabolic

"The Anabolic Diet"

analgesic

tending to reduce or eliminate pain

androgenic

producing or accentuating male sexual characteristics (body hair, deepened voice, male pattern baldness). One of the characteristics of steroids, whether synthesized in the lab or naturally in the body is their anabolic-androgenic ratio: if some amount of steroid X produces the same anabolic effects as a given amount of testosterone, how do the androgenic effects compare to those produced by that quantity of testosterone.

anaerobic

compare aerobic

antagonist

[1] a chemical agent that inhibits, prevents, slows, or stops a process in the body

compare agonist

[2] a muscle that relaxes or stretches during the performance of a movement

compare prime mover

stabilizer

synergist

anticatabolic

preventing or lessening

catabolism

aromatase

an

enzyme responsible for (among other things) converting testosterone into estrogens

aspartame

Artificial, noncaloric sweetener, generic name for

Nutrasweet

aspirin

originally a brand name, aspirin is now a generic term for acetylsalicylic acid (C

9 H 8 O 4 ), a common over the counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

Side effects include inhibition of blood clotting (so that it may increase internal bleeding and/or the
extent of bruising if used when an injury is fresh).

acetaminophen (Tylenol®) may be used when a
pain killer without these effects is desired, though it will not provide any anti-inflammatory effects,
nor may it be substituted for aspirin in the ECA stack.

ATP

see

adenosine triphospate

avulse, avulsion

tearing away a body part or structure such as tearing a tendon or ligament off of a bone.

[basskiller]

1.Physiology. A contracting muscle that is resisted or counteracted by another muscle, the antagonist.

2.Biochemistry. A drug or other chemical that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiologic reaction typical of a naturally occurring substance.